Young workers priced out of housing market

One in four young workers can’t afford to buy a property because of expensive mortgages and house prices which remain unaffordable, according to research by the University of York.

Unsurprisingly, the worst areas are London and the south east where more than 40 per cent of households between the ages of 21 and 40 cannot get onto the property ladder. Across the UK, more than 28 per cent of young working households are unable to purchase even the cheapest properties in their area, despite falling house prices.

The research, undertaken by Professor Steve Wilcox, using data from Hometrack, defined young working households as those on incomes which are too high to claim housing benefit, but too low to acccess the bottom rung of the housing ladder.

Even in the most affordable area, the north east, 17 per cent of young working households remain priced out of the market.

Although the study took place in 2007, its authors say the market has not changed significantly since the start of 2008, based on the requirement for most young households to take out an 82 per cent loan-to-value mortgage at 5.7 per cent.

In 2007, average mortgage costs for a first time buyer jumped 12 per cent, with the mortgage cost-to-income ratio exceeding the previous house price spike in 1990.

Across the UK, there are 42 areas where households need six times earnings to buy a property, which is far more than most banks are willing to lend on today. By contrast, renting now costs around 68 per cent of the cost of buying a home.

The research concludes that even though house prices are now falling, the higher cost of mortgages, the requirement for larger deposits and tightened loan-to-value criteria will continue to restrict young workers’ access to property purchase and further damage the housing market.

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No end in sight to debt misery

New figures published today by The Insolvency Service show that in the first three months of 2008, 25,264 people fell victim to the insolvency epidemic.

9,614 IVAs and 15,651 bankruptcies were reported, with some debt counsellors predicting that individual insolvencies could reach 101,056 by the end of the year.

For these people, insolvency means they have already reached the end of the road as far as their debt problems are concerned. But there are plenty more  people about the befall the same fate.

Today alone, a further 292 people will fall victim to insolvency and 74 homes will be repossessed, according to Credit Action’s debt statistics.

The one piece of good news is that year on year, there has been a 22pc drop in IVAs in the first three months of 2008, compared to the first three months of 2007.

Graham Lund deputy managing director at Call Credit attributes this to the new IVA protocol which came into effect at the start of February, designed to reduce the mis-selling of IVAs, and put an end to unscrupulous IVA firms pursuing unsustainable deals.

Consumer debt in the UK has now reached a staggering £1.4 trillion, a figure that is increasing by £1 million every five minutes, according to Credit Action.

But the credit crunch is not the only problem facing consumers. You Gov says that the real rise in the cost of living is nearer 9 per cent, more than double the average salary increase of just 3.4 per cent, which means that 5 million consumers are spending more than they earn every month.

Small wonder, then, that so many people are getting into financial difficulties. But an IVA or a bankruptcy should be the last resort as both these routes out of financial ruin have a very serious impact on your credit record and ability to borrow in the future. In the case of bankruptcy, it could also damage your employment prospects.

If you find yourself in financial difficulty, the worst thing they can do is ignore the problem and hope it goes away. Under the banking code, banks now have a duty to help people in financial hardship and free debt advice is readily available from organisations such as the Consumer Credit Counselling Service (www.cccs.co.uk) , National Debt line (www.nationaldebtline.co.uk) and Citizen’s Advice www.citizensadvice.org.uk).

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Is this the beginning of the end, or the end of the beginning?

“Will it work?” are the words on everyone’s lips in response to the £50bn lifeline thrown to UK banks yesterday by the Bank of  England.

The scheme, designed to alleviate the log jam in the money markets, will involve the Bank of England swapping around £60bn of banks’ mortgage liablities for nine month Treasury bills worth around £50bn, rising to £100bn in the coming months.
While we have seen nothing like this since the secondary banking crisis in the 1970s and the support is likely to remain in place for three  years, the scheme is limited in scope.

 It will only apply to mortgages, loans and credit card debt issued before the end of December 2007 as the BoE clearly doesn’t want to encourage new lending.

In addition, all these loans will have to be converted into AAA-rated securities before they can be swapped for Treasury paper.

But will this support scheme do the trick and will hard pressed homeowners feel any benefit any time soon?

I very much doubt it. Even though Abbey today announced that it is shaving 0.1 per cent off its two year tracker and flexible mortgages from 30 April, this is a drop in the ocean compared to the scale of the problems facing mortgage lenders - on both residential and commercial mortgages.

Last week I heard a property lawyer, who works for some of the major high street lenders and property companies, say: ”You ain’t seen nothing yet. Property companies  and residental mortgage lenders are in serious trouble.  It’s not just mortgage arrears, but fraud and tenants defaulting on rents. ”

One high street lender had taken a £880m hit due to mortgage fraud, he said, which if true, is likely to grow.  It is only when repossessed properties are sold at auction that the full scale of over-valued property (due to developers, solicitors and valuers working  in collusion), becomes apparent. 

“It’s all going to get a lot worse. This is just the end of the beginning, not the beginning of the end,” he said.

However, a spokeswoman for Abbey vigourously rejected the suggestion that any one lender had lost £880m due to mortgage fraud, saying that the Association of Police Officers estimated that the figure for the entire industry was around £600m.  Even that figure had been disputed by the British Bankers Association, she said. 

In the meantime, the Council of Mortgage Lenders will be pleading with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Alistair Darling, today for more help for homeowners in mortgage arrears and facing repossession.

Currently state benefits don’t kick in until nine months’ of arrears have built up and only on the interest element of mortgages of up to £100,000.

After yesterday’s £50bn bail out of the banks and Labour MPs clamouring for the reinstatement of the 10 per cent tax band, the chances of the Government increasing state benefits for distressed homeowners right now are absolutely zero.

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There’s worse to come on the housing front

So now it’s official. 27,000 homes were repossessed in 2007, the highest figure since 1999, with the sub prime market responsible for half of current repossession orders, despite this sector accounting for only 6 per cent of outstanding mortgages, according to a BBC report.

For those of us who have had their concerns about the goings-on in the sub prime market, this hardly comes as a surprise. But the difference between now and previous house price recessions is that, this time, the chances of sub prime borrowers being able to re-mortgage to a better rate is virtually nil, thanks to the credit crunch.

It is hard enough for prime borrowers to get the sort of mortgage they want, let alone individuals with a poor credit history. While not all repossession orders end in the occupants losing their home, the omens are not good.

A report by the Citizens Advice Bureau claims that sub prime lenders are less willing than mainstream mortgage lenders to negotiate with borrowers in arrears. The report also says that the level of repossession actions in the county courts is now running at a rate last seen in the housing downturn of the early 1990s.

Furthermore, with inflationary pressures building in the economy, there’s no certainty that the Bank of England will cut rates as quickly as the market expects and even when there are reductions, mortgage lenders aren’t always quick to pass them on in full to their borrowers.

So stand by for more depressing reading in the months to come, as the outlook for the housing market turns distinctly gloomy. The latest RICS survey shows that 56 per cent of respondents reported house price falls, compared to just 2 per cent reporting house prices rises, as well as a a decline in the number of enquiries from new buyers.

With first time buyers priced out of the market and buy-to-let purchasers having to pay more for lower loan-to-value mortgages than previously, one has to ask who is going to pick up the slack?

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Mortgage fraud rears its ugly head

If you’re tempted to indulge in a spot of schadenfreude at the woes of the US sub prime market, think again. The UK needs to confront the extent of its own mortgage fraud and mis-selling .

A BBC1 Panorama programme screened this week showed evidence of alleged collusion between property developers and solicitors, with the aim of  inflating the value of buy-to-let properties in Docklands and the north of England.

In some cases, the solicitors, allegedly acting in collusion with the property developer, provided the Land Registry with inflated sales prices in order to boost valuations on other properties being sold in the same development.

In other cases, the property developer concealed the fact that it had paid the deposit on behalf of the borrower, so that the lender was unwittingly providing a 100 per cent mortgage and the borrower was in negative equity from day one.

Either way, borrowers overpaid for their properties, as well as being mislead about the amount of rent and the quality of tenant they could expect. Once the borrower defaulted and the properties were re-sold, the gap between the  purchase price and the true value of these properties became alarmingly apparent.

However, these are just two examples of the way in which house prices have been ramped up in recent years, by those with vested interests in seeing property prices soar. 

In a tight market, estate agents are always keen to encourage vendors to sell via ‘sealed bids’ – a pernicious practice which invariably encourages desperate purchasers to overpay, which is great if you’re trading down, but a nightmare if you find yourself bidding blind in what is effectively a house price auction.

And that’s not to mention all the skullduggery that has gone on in recent years in the self cert. and sub prime market. Call me a doom and gloom merchant, but I can’t believe there isn’t more bad news to come on the property front. The Council of Mortgage Lenders’ figures on arrears and repossession due to be published on Friday, may provide a pointer to what’s in store. 

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Stand by for a house price correction

So now it’s official. UK house prices slid 0.8 per cent in November, their biggest fall since June 1995 and the first drop in price since February 2006, according to the Nationwide’s latest house price survey.

The annual rate of house price inflation now stands at 6.9 per cent, down from 9.7 per cent in October.

Well, what’s new? A combination of higher mortgage interest rates, tighter lending criteria, lower loan to values and the introduction of Home Information Packs are all having a dire effect on the housing market.

Small wonder, then, that the number of mortgage approvals fell to a near three-year low in October, nearly a third less than in October 2006.

As mortgage approvals are a key indicator of activity in the housing market, Nationwide sees this as pointing towards a rapid downturn in the market. Land Registry figures indicate that even prices in London, which were buoyed by City bonuses and wealthy foreign investors for much of 2007, have now started to slow.

Commentators like Capital Economics who were predicting a house price crash of up to 30 per cent a few years (since revised to 10 per cent) may not be so far of the mark.

All of which could be a good thing. The London market, in particular, was a bubble waiting to burst and if prices fall by 10-20 per cent, so be it. Sub prime mortgage holders’ misery, could turn into a blessing to all those who have been priced out of the market in recent years – first time buyers in particular. But anyone wanting to release the equity in their home by trading down had better get a move on.

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There’s more to come…..

If you thought the sub prime mortgage crisis would blow over soon, think again.

We are in for unremittingly bad news between now and June 2008, according to Ken Murray, manager of the Blue Planet Worldwide Financials Investment Trust.

As an ex-banker and a highly successful fund manager, Murray knows a thing or two about banks the world over.

Firstly, he points out that 9 per cent of US mortgage holders are on adjustable rate mortgages which are due to be re-set between now and June 2008. That represents an awful lot of households which are going to find themselves sorely pressed on the financial front, with all that this implies for retail consumption in the US.

Secondly, figures released yesterday show that US house prices fell 3.2 per cent year-on-year in the second quarter of 2007, triggering fear of more foreclosures. The toxic combination of falling house prices, tighter credit conditions and high volumes of unsold property already, can only lead to further downward pressure on house prices. Small wonder, then, that US house builder stocks have fallen 65 per cent from their peak.

Meanwhile, institutions with heavy exposure to sub prime loans, such as Barclays Capital and Lehman Brothers, have been forced to put up their hands to the problems they are experiencing due to sub prime losses and the liquidity squeeze.

As Murray says:“It’s going to get sharply worse, before it gets better. Very few banks have been open about their exposure to sub prime assets, but gradually it’s going to come out. It’s scary just how much [mortgage debt] is off balance sheet.”

And if you thought these problems were limited to the US housing market and investment banks, think again. Murray warns that the billions of pounds invested in retail corporate bond funds could be at risk.

“Investors should really be looking at what’s in these funds and unless they are invested in gilts and other Government securities, they should be thinking of selling or switching elsewhere.

“Many corporate bond fund managers have invested in high yielding asset backed securities to boost returns, but some of the banks are defaulting. The same applies to some money market funds which invested in commercial paper.”

So there you have it. According to Murray, this is the worst banking crisis he has ever seen and global stock markets will fall by another 20 per cent from current levels. Don’t say you weren’t warned.

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Are we heading for a house price crash?

Doom mongers are saying that further rises in base rate to 5.75 or 6 per cent this year could trigger a house price crash similar to that experienced in the UK at the beginning of the1990s.

Such predictions are enough to send a shiver down the spine of anyone who lived through that cycle of the housing market. At its peak, 75,000 homes were being repossessed by lenders each year because borrowers had fallen behind with their mortgage repayments.

Today the economic environment is very different. With high employment and a buoyant economy, the two clouds on the horizon are the threat of inflation spiralling out of control and a shock rise in interest rates beyond 6 per cent.

Ernst & Young’s Item Club warned today that people had become “overly relaxed about risk” and that we are “spending as if it was going out of fashion.” But mortgage experts insist that talk of a house price crash is alarmist and premature.

Ray Boulger of mortgage brokers, John Charcol, says: “For there to be a house price crash, there has to be a trigger and the only one I can foresee is if there were to be a sharp rise in interest rates over a short space of time.

“I expect we will see the rate of house price inflation slow down in the second half of 2007, with small falls in the early part of 2008, but only in certain parts of the country.”

Nick Gardner, press office at mortgage brokers, Chase de Vere Mortgage Management, agrees. “I don’t see a crash coming as long as interest rates remain affordable.

“People forget that interest rates are still historically very low. They averaged 10 per cent in the 1980s, 9 per cent in the 1990s and for most of this decade, people have been able to get a fixed rate at less than 5 per cent.

“In February this year, 87 per cent of first time buyers opted for a fixed rate mortgage so they are insulated from any rises for the next year or two at least.”

Even today, it is possible to get a fixed rate for 5.14 per cent with Abbey, although most lenders have moved their fixed rates to around 5.5 per cent. Alliance & Leicester has a two year deal at 5.44 per cent and a three year deal at 5.59 per cent, both with an arrangement fee of £599.

Another driver of the mortgage market is the army of buy to let landlords who have plenty of equity in their portfolios to continue gearing up and who see no sign of a fall in demand for rented property, thanks to net immigration, young people postponing their first house purchase and the trend to smaller households.

However, those who are over committed or who are on variable rate mortgages will no doubt suffer some pain over the coming year. But there are short term solutions to their plight, such as switching to an interest only mortgage or lengthening the term of their loan.

Either way, I don’t see a housing crash myself, although certain parts of the country which have seen excessive house price increases in recent months (Northern Ireland, Edinburgh and central London) may see a slight fall back over the coming year.

But having negative equity in your home for a short while is not the end of the world. After all, providing you don’t need to sell, it’s only a paper loss.

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